Stone Research Foundation

Research Library

11 peer-reviewed studies spanning 27+ years of orthopaedic research in biologic joint repair.

Articular Cartilage 2020

Osteochondral Autograft Plugs versus Paste Graft: Ex Vivo Morselization Increases Chondral Matrix Production

Daniel Grande, Todd Goldstein, Thomas J. Turek, Susan Hennessy, Ann W. Walgenbach, Le Hanh Dung Do, David Greene, Kevin R. Stone

Paste graft preparation resulted in increased mobility of chondrocytes by matrix disruption without loss of cell viability. The impaction procedure stimulated chondrocyte proliferation resulting in a cellular response to reestablish native extracellular matrix.

Key Finding: Morselization increases chondrocyte proliferation 34-80%; contradicts long-held beliefs that impaction trauma leads to cell death.

Cartilage View Publication
Articular Cartilage 2016

Articular Cartilage Paste Graft for Severe Osteochondral Lesions of the Knee: A 10- to 23-Year Follow-up Study

Kevin R. Stone, Jonathan R. Pelsis, Kellen Na, Ann W. Walgenbach, Thomas J. Turek

Full-thickness articular cartilage loss can be successfully treated, reducing pain and improving function, using this single-step, inexpensive arthroscopic procedure.

Key Finding: Median benefit time of 19.1 years; 90% reported good-excellent pain relief; delayed arthroplasty to mean age 60.2 years.

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy View Publication
Articular Cartilage 2006

Articular Cartilage Paste Grafting to Full-Thickness Articular Cartilage Knee Joint Lesions: A 2- to 12-Year Follow-up

Kevin R. Stone, Ann W. Walgenbach, Abhi Freyer, Thomas J. Turek, Donald P. Speer

Paste grafting is a low-cost, 1-stage arthroscopic treatment for patients with Outerbridge classification grade IV arthritic chondral lesions offering excellent, long-lasting pain relief.

Key Finding: 85.6% success rate; 63.6% of biopsies showed strong cartilage regeneration evidence.

Arthroscopy View Publication
Articular Cartilage 1997

Surgical Technique for Articular Cartilage Transplantation to Full-Thickness Cartilage Defects in the Knee Joint

Kevin R. Stone, Ann Walgenbach

The mixture of articular cartilage and cancellous bone appears to provide a supportive matrix for cartilage formation. Pain relief is excellent if careful surgical technique and defined rehabilitation program is followed.

Key Finding: Original description of the paste graft surgical technique.

Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics
Meniscus Cartilage 2006

Meniscus Allograft Survival in Patients with Moderate to Severe Unicompartmental Arthritis: A 2- to 7-Year Follow-up

Kevin R. Stone, Ann W. Walgenbach, Thomas J. Turek, Abhi Freyer, Martin D. Hill

Meniscus allografts can survive in a joint with arthrosis, challenging the contraindications of age and arthrosis severity.

Key Finding: 89.4% allograft survival rate in arthritic knees—challenging conventional contraindications of age and arthrosis.

Arthroscopy View Publication
Meniscus Cartilage 2007

Meniscal Sizing Based on Gender, Height, and Weight

Kevin R. Stone, Abhi Freyer, Thomas Turek, Ann W. Walgenbach, Sonali Wadhwa, John Crues

Height, weight, and gender should be considered by both tissue banks and surgeons as fast and cost-effective variables by which to predict meniscal dimensions.

Key Finding: Height, weight, and gender correlate with meniscal dimensions—simplifying tissue bank matching protocols.

Arthroscopy View Publication
Meniscus Cartilage 2003

Meniscal Allografting: The Three-Tunnel Technique

Kevin R. Stone, Ann W. Walgenbach

An improved arthroscopic technique of meniscal transplantation that simplifies the surgical procedure and secures the allograft to the tibia at 3 sites.

Key Finding: Improved arthroscopic technique securing allograft to tibia at 3 sites.

Arthroscopy View Publication
Meniscus Cartilage 2008

Lessons Learned From Our First 100 Meniscus Allograft Transplants in Arthritic Knees

Kevin R. Stone, Ann W. Walgenbach, Abhi Freyer

Meniscus transplantation is a rewarding soft tissue reconstruction that can be useful for arthritic as well as pristine knees to alleviate pain, restore function, and ultimately, delay or avoid joint arthroplasty.

Key Finding: Comprehensive review demonstrating allografts can survive in arthritic knees and delay joint replacement.

Humana Press - Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration
Ligaments & Tendons 2023

Xenograft Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone ACL Reconstruction: A Case Series at 20-Year Follow-up as Proof of Principle

Kevin R. Stone, Ann W. Walgenbach, Thomas J. Turek, John V. Crues, Uri Galili

The possibility of humanizing porcine tissue opens the door to unlimited clinical material for tissue reconstructions if supported by additional clinical trials.

Key Finding: First demonstration that "humanized" porcine ligament can remodel into functional autologous ACL over 20 years.

Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics View Publication
Evidence & Methodology 2016

Systematic Analysis of the Quality of Scientific Evidence and Conflicts of Interest in Osteoarthritis Guidelines

Joseph D. Feuerstein, Jonathan R. Pelsis, Samuel Lloyd, Adam S. Cheifetz, Kevin R. Stone

Future hip/knee osteoarthritis guideline development committees should strive to improve the transparency and quality of evidence used to formulate practice guidelines.

Key Finding: 50% of hip/knee OA guidelines based on low-quality evidence; 46% don't disclose conflicts of interest.

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism View Publication